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-
- I don't know when this is dated; I obtained it from the Dutch consular agent
- mid february. I fear things are changing for the worse in Holland, and this
- might be out of date.
-
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- city of Amsterdam feature service
-
- press, information and public relations
-
- amstel 1
- 1011 PN amsterdam
- telephone (020) 552.9111
- fax (020) 624 55 50
-
-
-
-
- AMSTERDAM: FACTS AND FIGURES
-
-
- 13. Drugs
-
- The Amsterdam policy on drugs is a purely pragmatic one. The capital has a
- population of more than 700,000, including approximately 6,200 hard drug
- users. The policy is mainly focused on discouraging the use of hard drugs and
- combating the drug trade. In addition, every effort is made to restrict the
- risks run by addicts themselves and the drug-related problems they confront
- the rest of society with. In the Amsterdam policy on drugs, a distinction is
- drawn between hard drugs and soft drugs. About 1,500 of the 6,200 hard drug
- users are from Surinam, the Netherlands Antilles and Morocco, and about 2,000
- are from other countries in Europe, mainly Germany, Italy and England. The
- number of drug addicts is now on the decrease. The average age of the addicts
- has risen in recent years from 26.8 in 1981 to 32.3 in 1990. In the same
- period, the percentage of drug addicts under the age of 22 fell from 14.4 to
- 2.5%.
-
- Policy of Discouragement With respect to the use of drugs, Amsterdam adheres
- to a policy of discouragement. Active efforts are made to combat the drug
- trade. The Narcotics Brigade of the Amsterdam Police has doubled its staff in
- the past few years. This discouragement also takes place by way of an
- intensive information campaign on the effects and risks of drug use. The
- policy of discouragement means that the police take an extremely intensive
- line of action in dealing with drug addicts who commit crimes. In recent
- years, there has been a sharp rise in the number of policemen assigned to
- combat drug-related crime. The attitude of the Amsterdam authorities to drug
- addicts from abroad has been part of the discouragement policy. Foreigners do
- not have access to the assistance programmes Amsterdam has set up for its own
- drug addicts.
-
- Hard Drugs and Soft Drugs
-
- The Dutch policy on drugs differs in a number of ways from the policies of
- other countries. One of these differences is the distinction drawn here
- between hard and soft drugs. Ever since 1978, this difference has been
- stipulated by law: the possession of hard drugs is a felony and the possession
- of a small quantity of soft drugs is a misdemeanour. "A small quantity of soft
- drugs" means a maximum of thirty grams. Amsterdam has approximately a hundred
- coffee shops and other public places where soft drugs are - illegally - bought
- and sold. Soft drug prevention does not have a high priority, but if there is
- a quantity of more than thirty grams of soft drugs in a coffee shop or some
- other public place, or if hard drugs are sold or there are disturbances of the
- peace, the police will immediately have the premises closed down. There is an
- extremely intensive check on places of this kind. As a result of this policy,
- a distinction has developed between the soft drug trade and the hard drug
- trade. The soft drug trade had thus been "decriminalized.n Studies have shown
- that very few users go from soft drugs to hard drugs.
-
- Assistance Programmes
-
- A number of assistance programmes have been developed for addicts. The most
- widely known one is the methadon programme. In two mobile dispensaries and a
- number of stationary ones, drug addicts receive a daily dose of methadon.
- Every day, the mobile dispensaries drive to a number of fixed spots in the
- city. By providing addicts with methadon, the Municipal Medical and Public
- Health Department can have regular contact with them. This makes it possible
- to give the addicts certain useful information and, if they so wish, to offer
- them further help. This "further help" includes drug rehabilitation programmes
- and social work facilities. The methadon enables drug addicts to continue to
- function within society in a more or less normal fashion. The use of the same
- injection needle by various addicts can lead to the spread of AIDS and
- hepatitis B. In order to prevent this, there are eleven sites in Amsterdam
- where addicts can exchange used needles for new ones free of charge. In the
- recent past, more than 1,000,000 needles have been exchanged this way every
- year. This "needle exchange" has been set up on the request of organizations
- that promote the interests of drug users. A survey has indicated that it has
- not led to any increase in this form of drug use. In Amsterdam, only 30% of
- the addicts take drugs intravenously. Most of them prefer "the Chinese way,"
- i.e. sniffing.
-
- Street Junkie Project
-
- There are about 400 "extremely problematic" drug addicts in Amsterdam. In
- general they are homeless and have no legal source of income. Most of them
- live in the city centre. Many of them see to their daily needs by stealing and
- disturb the people of the neighbourhood in any.number of ways. In an effort to
- alleviate this problem, the "street junkie project" was set up. Criminal drug
- users who have been arrested five or more times within a short period of time
- are given a choice. They can either do a non-suspended sentence for all the
- crimes they have committed or they can sign up for a drug rehabilitation
- programme, which they then have to complete. The project, which was set up in
- close conjunction with the national authorities, started at the beginning of
- 1989. By the end of 1989, it is to be totally operational and forty extra
- cells and sixteen beds at a drug rehabilitation clinic (Jellinek) are to be
- available.
-
- Foreign Addicts
-
- There are about 2,000 foreign hard drug addicts living in Amsterdam. In the
- past few years, Dutch authorities and various social work agencies have
- established contact with the authorities in other European countries with
- respect to this point. The aim of this contact is to develop assistance
- programmes so that foreign drug addicts can return to their own countries and
- get the help they need there. The agreements made in this connection only
- pertain to drug users who have not committed any crime in the Netherlands. If
- they have, they are deported. The transfer of deported drug addicts takes
- place in close cooperation with the authorities of other European countries.
- As a result of these measures and the discouragement policy in Amsterdam, the
- Dutch capital is no longer a Mecca for the drug users of Europe. This news is
- gradually spreading to foreign drug users.
-
-
- Results
-
- The Amsterdam policy on drugs has enabled medical and social agencies to
- establish contact with approximately 85% of all the drug addicts in the city.
- The number of drug addicts infected with Aids or hepatitis B is much lower
- than in other European and North American cities. Compared with other large
- cities in Europe and North America, the drug addicts of Amsterdam are not
- responsible for large-scale crime. There is a growing desire among them to
- stop using drugs. Calculating over a longer period of time, the number of
- addicts in Amsterdam is declining. The reduction in the number of young
- addicts has been the most striking.
-
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-
- Brandon Hutchison,University of Canterbury,Christchurch
- New Zealand
-
-
-
-